Other Platform

Database

Operating System (OS)

Application Server

Database

Database is often abbreviated DB. It means a collection of information organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly get desired pieces of data. You can consider database as an electronic filing system.

Traditional databases consist of fields, records and files. A field is a single piece of information, a record is one complete set of fields, and a file is a collection of records. For example, encyclopedia is analogous to a file. It contains a list of records, each of which consists of many fields, such as name, properties, history, advantages and disadvantages and so on.

Another concept in database design is known as Hypertext. In a Hypertext database, any object, whether it is a piece of film, a picture or a text, can be linked to any other object. Hypertext databases are particularly useful for organizing large amounts of disparate information, but they are not designed for numerical analysis.

Modern databases consist of three levels, physical data layer, conceptual data layer and logical data layer. Physical data layer is the most inner layer in database. It is the actual physical storage device. Conceptual data layer is the middle layer in database. It provides some interfaces for upper layer. Logical data layer is the top-level layer. It is a collection of logical records, which the users see and use the database.

Operating System (OS)

Operating System (sometimes abbreviated as “OS”) is usually closest to the hardware layer of system software. It can provide more support to upper applications than hardware. An operating system is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer, manages all the other programs in a computer. In addition, users can interact directly with the operating system through a user interface such as a command language or a graphical user interface.

An operating system performs these services for upper applications:

In a multitasking operating system, the OS should determine which applications should run in what order and how much time should be allowed for each application before giving another application a turn.

It handles input and output to and from attached hardware devices, manages the sharing of internal memory among multiple applications, and sends messages to all applications running about the status of operation and any errors that may have occurred.

On computer that can provide parallel processing, it can manage how to divide the program so that it runs on more than one processor at a time.

We have many kinds of OS now. Linux, Windows, VMS, OS/200, AIX and z/OS are almost all examples of operating systems.

Application Server

An application server is a software framework aimed at the efficient execution of procedures for supporting the construction of applications. Initially, it was used for discussing client-server systems and servers running SQL services and middleware servers to distinguish them from file systems. Later, the term took on the meaning of web applications, but has since evolved into more of a comprehensive service layer. The software developers can have access to the application server which is formed by a set of components through an API defined by the platform itself.

Usually, it refers to Java application server. A Java Server Page (JSP) executes in a web container—the Java equivalent of a CGI script. JSPs provide a way to create HTML pages by embedding references to the server logic within the page. HTML coders and Java programmers can work side by side by referencing each other's code from within their own.

There are other roles of application servers such as .NET Framework and Zend platform. Zend offers an application server called Zend Server which is used for running and managing PHP applications.

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