Programming Language

PHP

ASP.NET

JSP

PERL

AJAX

Ruby on Rails

PHP

PHP is short for Hypertext Preprocessor. It is a widely used type of scripting language which is embedded into the HTML source code and interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module. The first public vision of PHP was born in 1995. The style of PHP language is similar with the style of C.

The unique grammar of PHP is a mixture of grammar of C, Java, Perl and its own. It can execute the dynamic webs more quickly than CGI or Perl does. Also, the efficiency of PHP is much better than CGI. It can even execute the codes which have already been compiled. PHP has so strong ability that it can implement all the functions of CGI and nearly support all the popular databases and operating systems.

PHP has a lot of good features. It is open source and free of charge. Learning PHP is very easy for a beginner. It is running in the server so that it is cross-platform. Perhaps the most powerful and important feature of PHP is the support of database including Oracle, Sybase, MySQL, ODBC and so on. So using PHP to create a web site which contains database function becomes very simple.

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ASP.NET

ASP.NET is a web application framework developed by Microsoft Corporation to allow developers to establish dynamic websites, web applications and web services. ASP.NET is built on the Common Language Runtime (CLR), allowing programmers to write ASP.NET code using any supported .NET language. So it is very strong and adaptable.

ASP.NET makes it easy to do some common works, such as submitting forms, the authentication of client, distributed systems, and website configuration. For example, ASP.NET page framework allows you to build your own page, which is different from common VB-Like pages.

ASP.NET uses a kind of character-based system, making configuration of server environment and applications easier. The installation of a new ASP.NET application on a server just needs simply copying some files except restarting the system. The syntax of ASP.NET is largely compatible with ASP. At the same time, it offers a new kind of programming model and structure, making it possible to create applications with better flexibility and stability, and provide better security.

The main function of ASP.NET has been established on the version of 2.0, which became the infrastructure of Web applications. Microsoft Corporation has begun to develop extended functions including support to AJAX and MVC framework, and the framework that easier to develop database application.

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Java Server Pages (JSP)

Java Server Pages (JSP) is a Java technology that helps software developers serve dynamically generated web pages based on HTML, XML, or other document types.

JSP is an abstraction of Java servlets in architecture. JSP pages are executed in the server from a Java server packet called Java EE Web Application. Java code and certain pre-defined actions are written among the HTML code. They will be compiled and executed on the server to deliver an HTML or XML document. The compiled pages must be executed in a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) using Java byte code rather than a native software format.

JSP syntax contains two parts: scriptlet elements and markup. Markup is typically standard HTML or XML while scriptlet elements are some blocks of Java code intermixed with the markup. Java code has not to be complete, but can straddle markup content providing the page as a whole is syntactically correct. This system is called step over scripting because it can wrap around the static markup by stepping over it.

The JSP syntax adds JSP actions to invoke built-in functionality. Not all Java servers are Java EE specification compliant. JVM operated tag libraries provide a platform independent way of extending the capabilities of a web server.

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Perl

Perl is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. It was originally developed by Larry Wall in 1987. Perl gets many features of other languages together including C, sed, awk, and shell scripting. Actually, you will see that many features are similar with that of C.

Like other scripting languages, Perl does not need a compiler or linker to execute the code. That means it is very ideal for Perl to create solutions for small programming issues or potential solutions for large programming issues.

Perl provides all the functions of scripting languages, even some that they do not have. It also provides a translator which can translate sed and awk into Perl.

Using Perl is free because the interpreter of Perl is open source software. And it can run in most operating systems. From the beginning, Perl was designed to make easy work easier without losing the ability of doing difficult problem. It can easily operate figure, text, file and directory, computer and network, especially the language of program. This language can easily run external program and get interesting things by scanning outputs. It can send these things to other programs to do some special processing.

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Ajax

Ajax (shorthand for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is a series of interrelated web development techniques used on the client to create interactive web applications. Ajax uses a combination of HTML and CSS to mark up and style information. With Ajax, web applications can asynchronously catch data from the server in the background without interfering with the display and behavior of the existing page. Ajax techniques have increased the use of interactive or dynamic interfaces on web pages.

In the article that described the Ajax, Jesse James Garrett explained that Ajax has the following technologies:

- HTML or XHTML and CSS for presentation

- the Document Object Model for dynamic display of and interaction with data

- XML for the interchange of data, and XSLT for its manipulation

- the XMLHttpRequest object for asynchronous communication

- JavaScript to bring these technologies together

Classic Ajax involves writing ad hoc JavaScript on the client. A simpler if cruder alternative is to use standard JavaScript libraries that can partially update a page, such as ASP.NET's UpdatePanel. Tools such as Echo2 and ZK enable fine grained control of a page from the server, using only standard JavaScript libraries. Introducing XMLHttpRequest and pseudo multithreading, it is possible to swap the role of client and server in Client-Server model.

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Ruby on Rails

Ruby on Rails is a dynamic, reflective, general purpose object-oriented programming language that combines syntax inspired by Perl with Smalltalk-like features. It was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, and Lisp.

Ruby on Rails supports many programming paradigms, such as functional, object oriented, imperative and reflective. It also has a dynamic type system and automatic memory management.

The designer, Matsumoto, first considered that Ruby on Rails should decrease the unnecessary programming time to make programmer happy. Second, it must have a kindly user interface. So the language is usually very intuitive, and runs as the way programmers think it would run as. “Often people, especially computer engineers, focus on the machines. They think, ‘by doing this, the machine will run faster. By doing this, the machine will run more effectively. By doing this, the machine will something something something.’ They are focusing on machines. But in fact we need to focus on humans, on how humans care about doing programming or operating the application of the machines. We are the masters. They are the slaves”. He said like that.

There are many advantages in Ruby on Rails language. Its syntax is very simple. It contains both common object-oriented functions such as class, method, and some special object-oriented functions such as Mixin, special method. It can also overload the operator. It has error processing and garbage collection. It can run in most UNIX operating systems as well as Dos, Windows, Mac, BeOS and so on.

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